In the Czech Republic, many policlinics were privatized or leasehold and decentralized in the post-communist era: some of them are just lessors and coordinators of a healthcare provided by private doctor's offices in the policlinic building. Recent Russian governments have attempted to replace the policlinic model introduced during Soviet times with a more western model. In Europe, especially in the Central and Eastern Europe, bigger outpatient health centres, commonly in cities and towns, are called policlinics (derived from the word polis, not from poly-). Large outpatient clinics are a common type of healthcare facility in many countries, including France, Germany (long tradition), Switzerland, and most of the countries of Central and Eastern Europe (often using a mixed Soviet-German model), as well as in former Soviet republics such as Russia and Ukraine and in many countries across Asia and Africa. Doctors at such clinics can often refer patients to specialists if the need arises. They sometimes have access to diagnostic equipment such as X-ray machines, especially if the clinic is part of a larger facility. Also, unlike an ER these clinics are often not open on a 24/7/365 basis. Treatment at these clinics is often less expensive than it would be at a casualty department. In these clinics, the injury or illness may not be serious enough to require a visit to an emergency room (ER), but the person can be transferred to one if needed. Some clinics serve as a place for people with injuries or illnesses to be seen by a triage nurse or other health worker. For instance, a local general practice run by a single general practitioner provides primary health care and is usually run as a for-profit business by the owner, whereas a government-run specialist clinic may provide subsidised or specialised health care. The function of clinics differs from country to country. Policlinic in Karl-Marx-Stadt, German Democratic Republic. In each of these countries, traditional medicine tends to be a hereditary practice. In India these traditional clinics provide ayurvedic medicine and unani herbal medical practice. Health care in India, China, Russia and Africa is provided to those regions' vast rural areas by mobile health clinics or roadside dispensaries, some of which integrate traditional medicine. There were 659,596 village clinics in China in 2011. In China, for example, owners of such clinics do not have formal medical education. Some clinics are operated in-house by employers, government organizations, or hospitals, and some clinical services are outsourced to private corporations which specialize in providing health services. (This can even hold true for certain services outside the medical field: for example, legal clinics are run by lawyers.) Other types of clinics are run by the type of specialist associated with that type: physical therapy clinics by physiotherapists and psychology clinics by clinical psychologists, and so on for each health profession. A medpunkt (health care access point) delivers primary health care to the residents of the village of Veliki Vrag in Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, Russia.Ĭlinics are often associated with a general medical practice run by one or several general practitioners.
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